Example of a Pear Tree in espalier form photo taken at Alice Water's Edible Schoolyard

If you want healthy trees and shrubs, this is the best time of year to prune. Just be careful not to take off blossoms.

For example, I will be leaving my lilacs alone; and since most hydrangeas blossom on old wood, I will leave them alone too. Mind you, if they needed it (if they were getting too big or crowding out other plantings), I would have to sacrifice some blooms and just do it. But this year my spring pruning to-do list is to prune and stake my pear trees, which I am growing flat to my garage wall in espalier form. I also need to tackle my William Baffin Climbing Rose. With no shortage of blossoms on that one, I can prune away to my heart’s content.

Beautiful Wisteria

The summer of 1959, our first summer in Patricia Park (in Des Moines).  That was the 1st time we lived in a home long enough and with a big enough yard to really garden.  I was so into gardening then that when my youngest son, who was in kindergarten, was asked by his teacher what his parents did for a living, he said, “My dad sells farm machinery, and my mom picks weeds.”

Did you garden as a child?

Yes, we had a big garden.  My older brother George was in 4-H, so he got really into gardening, and we depended on our garden for food.  It was all food, no flowers:  tomatoes, squash, beans, peas, carrots, lettuce, spinach. It contributed to our winter food supply, too, as my mom canned 250 quarts of tomatoes in the fall into juice or tomatoes.

We had to pull weeds every morning, and then we had the rest of day to do what we wanted.  Once my brother George had 50 big Hubbard squash stacked to take to the farmers market the next day, and someone stole them in the night.

Also, when I was 14, we rented a house on 11 acres near Mound, MN, just for the price of the taxes (my mother was a widow with 7 kids to support, so this was a great deal for us).  The man we rented from told us if we took care of the Concord grapes and 30 or 40 apple trees – and the roses, too — we could eat all the fruit we wanted.  He showed us how to dig around each fruit tree and mulch them.  Then one day his mother came around with some of her wealthy friends to show them the yellow roses in their circular bed, and she saw all the apples and said, “Don’t pick any more.”  She wanted them for herself.  So that night we picked 2 gunnysacks full and stored them in the cellar.

What is your favorite edible to grow?

Tomatoes because I like to eat them fresh, and they make such a difference in a salad.  The skins are so tough on the tomatoes you buy in the stores nowadays; they breed them to have tough skins for shipping, and they pick them half green.  They just don’t taste the same.  Neither do the cucumbers and all the others.  Everything tastes better when it’s picked right off the vine.

What is your favorite annual to grow?

Petunias and snapdragons because they’re hardy and they last until a pretty hard frost, especially the snapdragons.

What is your favorite climber to grow?

Morning glories and passion flower.

What is your favorite perennial to grow?

Irises, peonies and tulips.  My husband always reminisced about seeing his mother carry water to her peonies.

What is your favorite gardening tool?

A great big screw driver, 12 inches, heavy metal.  I could really dig with it.  For weeding, I could get down in the ground and twist it.  It was good on dandelions and anything with tough roots, including thistles.

What is your favorite gardening chore?

Weeding.  I hate weeds and could hardly enjoy just sitting in the yard.  I’d sit in the lounge chair and see weeds and get up and start pulling them.  I get a lot of pleasure getting rid of weeds, especially when I can pull all the roots, like after a hard rain.

What is your least favorite gardening chore?

Trying to dig or weed when the ground is dry and hard.  I would take a hose and let it drip slowly in the area I was going to work in.

Which, of all the places you have lived, was your favorite garden?

Patricia Park.  The tulips and the sweet alyssum did so well.  And we had apple trees and peach trees.  We planted a lot of fruit trees throughout our marriage but usually never lived in one house long enough to enjoy the fruits.  I also loved our acreage on Indian Trail (Afton, MN), where we had rose bushes and canna lilies that I inherited from 2 of the teenage boys who had lived there and were studying horticulture.  We also had raspberries, and one year I had a good crop of corn.  I planted corn there the next year, and it didn’t grow well.  That’s when I learned I needed to practice crop rotation.

My 3rd favorite was in our part-time retirement home, the Schoolhouse in Crocker (South Dakota).  The first thing we did was plant a shelterbelt with trees — lilacs, evergreens, honeysuckles and oak (which never made it) — that we ordered through the extension office.  Because there aren’t very many trees in South Dakota, the extension office encourages people to plant a shelterbelt around three sides of the yard.  They were all about one foot tall in 1977, and now they are all taller than the Schoolhouse.  The evergreens are more than 30 feet tall.  The first year, almost all of the shelterbelt died because it was too dry and we weren’t there to water them.  The next year, we re-planted and mulched and had more rain and they grew.  Now they advise not to plant too much of one thing because of diseases and aphids and other insects.

A couple of years later, we ordered 25 shade trees from a nursery, including flowering crab, ornamental cherry, locust (we ordered 2 mountain ash and 2 locust but instead received 4 locust) and willow (which did great even when it didn’t get much water).  We also bought 6 apple trees, and when we realized we’d ordered the kind of apple trees that take 7 years to bear, we bought some dwarf trees so that we could have apples right away.  It was such a job to spray that we never sprayed again after the 1st year.  So even though we still get apples, what the bugs don’t eat, the birds poke holes in.  Still, we get about 10 bushels of apples every other year because every other year you get a bigger bounty.

We had a few trees come up by themselves from neighboring trees, like the cottonwood, which is messy, and some elm trees, which are more like a weed now.  But we didn’t know the shelterbelt would do so well, so we let them stay.  We planted Russian olive trees on one side of the yard in hopes it would make a living fence, but they got so rank and scratchy that we dug them up and got rid of them.  We also had raspberry plants, a bunch of asparagus, garlic, chives, and strawberries.  We ordered Concord grapevines and planted them on the west side of the tennis court.  I smelled them when we were playing tennis, even though they were still green.  So I tried one, and it tasted like a Concord grape, even though it wasn’t purple. And we ate asparagus every day from May 15th to July 1st.  We loved it stir-fried; then you don’t boil all the vitamins out of it.  It is one of the best veggies you can eat, but it takes 2 to 3 years to get it started.  And I planted one envelope of chive seeds, and they came up every year and spread.  I transplanted it to various places; and if you cut it back after they bloom, they will re-bloom.

How much time would you typically spend gardening in a summer?

At least 4 hours a day.  It seemed I never got any housework done.  (That’s how I feel!) I remember people dropping by and wanting to see the Schoolhouse, and I’d have dishes in the sink.  In the morning I’d be pulling weeds and Clayton would come out and ask, “Do you want to play tennis?”  So I’d play tennis and then weed some more, then do dishes and have lunch and a nap.  Then in the evening, I’d pick raspberries or pull weeds, depending on the season of the year.  We were newly retired, and Clayton would say, “I never knew you worked so hard.”

Did you ever hire help for your garden or did you do it all yourself?

When we first had the shelterbelt and weren’t living there as much, we hired cousins who lived nearby to help pull weeds.  Otherwise, I’ve done everything myself, although I now hire someone to mow.  I did all the weeding, picking and harvesting, and Grandpa did all the mowing.  I did the watering and had a lot of hoses; he helped me spray the apples that one year.  He had a riding lawnmower, but he always used a push mower as much as possible because it did a better job, and he liked the exercise.  (This is totally me, too!)

What was your worst weed?

Thistles.

What is your favorite houseplant?

I like coleus and my orange tree and hibiscus (me, too). But I like too many to pick just one.

What advice do you have for beginners?

Get advice from someone who knows what they are doing — like Melissa at Mel’s Green Garden!  And ask nurseries or your extension office for help.  For example, my raspberries were turning yellow.  It had been a wet spring, and they suggested I pull away the mulch.  Also, buy from nurseries or order from catalogs that are reputable.  When our trees died out, they replaced them; reputable places will do that.

Also, start out small.  Our acreage in Afton was too big and I could not get caught up enough to have the time I wanted to play golf and tennis.  We ended up planting 125 trees so that we didn’t have to mow but then decided to move to a condo for even more time for golf and tennis.  But then we bought the Schoolhouse in Crocker, on a 3-acre square city block!

Planting too close to the house is a common mistake.  You should plant shade trees 30 feet from the house.

Lilacs will choke out evergreens, so keep after things like that and cut them back.  And cage peonies because the blooms get so heavy.

Mulch with straw and hay and grass clippings.

And take care of your body.  Bend at the knees, not at your back; and when you can no longer bend your knees, sit on a big garbage bag and slide along.

What is the best advice someone gave to you?

Be sure you have the right soil for anything you’re planting.  We’d planted evergreens up and down our driveway in Afton, and the first planting died out because of the clay soil.  The next time, we added sand and they did well.  The same with the tulips — they got too wet and rotted so the next time I planted with sand.

Schoolhouse in Crocker (South Dakota); my grandpa attended this school.

Looking for a way to light up your garden in the evening?  The White Cleome is your answer.  The cleome comes in many colors, and I have planted this flower for all of my gardening years; but I fell in love with the white variety because of its ability to help light up the garden at night with minimal exterior light.

The White Cleome has many strengths as a flower.

1. It gives your garden an instant English Cottage Garden style.
2. It is very easy to grow and grows best in full sun, but I have had success growing it in partial sun and even some shadier spots.
3. It is also very easy to grow from seed in the sunnier areas of your garden.

My favorite method for growing the cleome is to buy a flat of them at Brennan’s or Johannsen’s.  Then I plant them around my entire yard.  After they are all planted, I then sprinkle the white cleome seeds I saved from the year before all around the newly planted flowers.  This way when the first plant has grown, bloomed and gone to seed, the new little seedlings are up and strongly growing, extending the period this flower will be in full bloom until the first frost.The White Cleome is an annual, but it does re-seed itself, and the seeds are super-easy to collect, as they are the part of the flower that looks like cat’s whiskers.

Another growing tip for this flower is to stake it.  Or since I grow so many and stakes are a hot commodity in my garden, I prefer to put my grass clippings from my lawn mower around them, with coffee grounds over the clippings to hide them.  This gives the flower enough support and also provides beneficial nutrients and does wonders to amend my garden soil.  Earthworms love my yard.

I developed this method of growing the White Cleome throughout the entire border of my yard, both sun and shade, the first summer we lived in our current house.  I started this garden from scratch and needed something to fill in between the baby perennials and shrubs to give my garden bed a full English Cottage Garden look.

This flower will give your garden a very full look, as one plant will produce many, many flowers.  Even now that my perennials have filled out, I continue to plant the White Cleome flower throughout the entire border of my yard because I love the way it looks in the daytime and lights up the yard at night.